liabilities, and average rates of exchange for revenue, costs, and expenses. Translation gains and losses are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as a component of stockholders' equity. Net losses resulting from foreign exchange transactions were $9 million, $29 million and $1 million for the years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010, respectively. These losses were recorded as other income (expense), net on our consolidated statements of income. derivative instruments. Cash equivalents consist of short-term money market funds and U.S. government and U.S. government agency securities, which are deposited with reputable financial institutions. Marketable securities consist of investments in U.S. government and U.S. government agency securities. Our investment policy limits investment instruments to U.S. government and U.S. government agency securities with the main objective of preserving capital and maintaining liquidity. December 31, 2012, 2011, and 2010, respectively, from marketers and Platform developers based in the United States, with the majority of revenue outside of the United States coming from customers located in western Europe, Canada, Australia, and Brazil. our bad debt expenses were $9 million, $8 million, and $9 million, respectively. In the event that accounts receivable collection cycles deteriorate, our operating results and financial position could be adversely affected. direct advertising purchased by Zynga. No customer represented 10% or more of total revenue during the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2010. operating decision-maker, or anyone else, for operations, operating results, and planning for levels or components below the consolidated unit level. Accordingly, we have determined that we have a single reporting segment and operating unit structure. other comprehensive income either in a single continuous statement of comprehensive income or in two separate but consecutive statements. The update is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2011 and should be applied retrospectively. We adopted this new guidance on January 1, 2012. |