management’S diScuSSion and analYSiS The J. M. Smucker Company In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, we estimate future taxable income, considering the viability of ongoing tax planning strategies and the probable recognition of future tax deductions and loss carryforwards. Valuation allowances related to deferred tax assets can be affected by changes in tax laws, statutory tax rates, and projected future taxable income levels. Changes in estimated realization of deferred tax assets would result in an adjustment to income in the period in which that determination is made. In the ordinary course of business, we are exposed to uncertainties related to tax filing positions and periodically assess these tax positions for all tax years that remain subject to examination, based upon the latest information available. For uncertain tax positions, we have recognized a liability for unrecognized tax benefits, including any applicable interest and penalty charges. Long-Lived Assets: Long-lived assets, except goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of the assets to future net undiscounted cash flows estimated to be generated by such assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the estimated fair value of the assets. However, determining fair value is subject to estimates of both cash flows and discount rates and different estimates could yield different results. There are no events or changes in circumstances of which we are aware that indicate the carrying value of our long-lived assets may not be recoverable at April 30, 2013. Goodwill and Other Indefinite-Lived Intangible Assets: We are required to test goodwill for impairment annually and more often if indicators of impairment exist. To test for goodwill impairment, we estimate the fair value of each of our six reporting units using both a discounted cash flow valuation technique and a marketbased approach. The impairment test incorporates estimates of future cash flows, allocations of certain assets, liabilities, and cash flows among reporting units, future growth rates, terminal value amounts, and the applicable weighted-average cost of capital used to discount those estimated cash flows. The estimates and projections used in the calculation of fair value are consistent with our current and long-range plans, including anticipated changes in market conditions, industry trends, growth rates, and planned capital expenditures. Changes in forecasted operations and other estimates and assumptions could impact the assessment of impairment in the future. At April 30, 2013, goodwill totaled $3.1 billion. Goodwill is substantially concentrated within the U.S. Retail Coffee and U.S. Retail Consumer Foods segments. No goodwill impairment was recognized as a result of the annual evaluation performed as of February 1, 2013. The estimated fair value of each reporting unit was substantially in excess of its carrying value as of the annual test date. Other indefinite-lived intangible assets, consisting entirely of trademarks, are also tested for impairment annually and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate their carrying value may not be recoverable. To test these assets for impairment, we estimate the fair value of each asset based on a discounted cash flow model using various inputs, including projected revenues, an assumed royalty rate, and a discount rate. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could impact the assessment of impairment in the future. At April 30, 2013, other indefinite-lived intangible assets totaled $1.8 billion. Trademarks that represent our leading, iconic brands comprise more than 90 percent of the total carrying value of other indefinite-lived intangible assets. Each of these trademarks had an estimated fair value substantially in excess of its carrying value as of the annual test date, with the exception of the Crisco trademark. A sensitivity analysis was performed on the Crisco trademark and yielded an estimated fair value slightly below carrying value resulting from a hypothetical 50 basis point increase in the discount rate and a 50 basis point decrease in the expected long-term growth rate. The Crisco trademark represents less than 10 percent of total other indefinite-lived intangible assets. Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Plans: To determine the ultimate obligation under our defined benefit pension plans and other postretirement benefit plans, we must estimate the future cost of benefits and attribute that cost to the time period during which each covered employee works. Various actuarial assumptions must be made in order to predict and measure costs and obligations many years prior to the settlement date, the most significant being the interest rates used to discount the obligations of the plans, the long-term rates of return on the plans’ assets, assumed pay increases, and the health care cost trend rates. We, along with third-party actuaries and investment managers, review all of these assumptions on an ongoing basis to ensure that the most reasonable information available is being considered. For 2014 expense recognition, we will use a weighted-average discount rate of 3.99 percent and 3.65 percent, and a rate of compensation increase of 4.12 percent and 3.00 percent for the U.S. and Canadian plans, respectively. We anticipate using an expected rate of return on plan assets of 6.75 percent for U.S. plans. For the Canadian plans, we anticipate using an expected rate of return on plan assets of 6.00 percent for the hourly plan and 6.25 percent for all other plans. dErivaTiv E finanCial inSTruMEnTS and Mark E T riSk The following discussions about our market risk disclosures involve forward-looking statements. Actual results could differ from those projected in the forward-looking statements. We are exposed to market risk related to changes in interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, and commodity prices. 34 The J. M. Smucker Company